Abrasive tools are tools used for grinding, grinding and polishing. Most of the abrasives are artificial abrasives made of abrasives and binders, and also natural abrasives directly processed from natural minerals and rocks.
Abrasives are divided into natural abrasives and artificial abrasives according to their raw material sources. The only natural abrasives commonly used in the machinery industry are oil stones. Artificial abrasives are divided into five categories according to basic shape and structural characteristics: grinding wheel, grinding head, whetstone, sand tile and coated abrasives. In addition, it is customary to list abrasives as a class of abrasive tools.
In addition to being widely used in machinery manufacturing and other metal processing industries, abrasive tools are also used in grain processing, paper industry and the processing of non-metallic materials such as ceramics, glass, stone, plastics, rubber and wood.
The main characteristics of abrasives include five factors such as abrasive, particle size, hardness, structure and binder. Appropriate selection according to different applications can directly improve processing quality and production efficiency.
Abrasive:
Abrasives used mainly include brown corundum, white corundum, black silicon carbide and green silicon carbide.
Brown corundum toughness, suitable for grinding carbon steel, alloy steel, malleable cast iron, hard bronze and other high tensile strength materials. White corundum has higher hardness than brown corundum, better cutting performance, suitable for hardening steel, high carbon steel, high-speed tools and other materials grinding process.
Black silicon carbide hardness is high, brittle and sharp, suitable for grinding, cutting low tensile strength materials, such as: cast iron, glass, ceramics, stone, refractory and so on.
Green silicon carbide is higher in purity than black silicon silicate. Suitable for grinding carbide, optical glass, gems, agate and other hard and brittle materials.
Particle size:
The choice of particle size mainly depends on the processing accuracy and production efficiency requirements of the workpiece surface. Coarse-grained and medium-grained abrasives are suitable for roughing and semi-finishing, while fine-grained abrasives are used for finishing and superfinishing. The physical and mechanical properties of grinding are also factors that determine the size of the grinding. Materials with low hardness, ductility and toughness should be processed with coarse-grained abrasive tools, while materials with high hardness and brittleness should be fine-grained abrasive tools.
Organization:
The structure of abrasives refers to the volume proportion relationship between the abrasives, binders and pores that make up the abrasives. Less abrasive, porosity is called loose tissue, vice versa for tight tissue.
The close-knit grinding tool is suitable for fine grinding, forming grinding and workpiece with small processing space and high surface finish requirement.
Grinding tools with medium structure are widely used in the grinding of general residual workpieces.
The abrasive tools with loose structure are suitable for grinding with large contact surface such as flat surface and inner circle, as well as grinding dilatation-sensitive workpieces and soft materials.
Hardness:
The strength of the abrasives on the surface of the abrasives held together by the binder. Or under the action of external force, the difficulty of falling off is called the hardness of the abrasive tool.
